UNESCO has published ‘Education for Sustainable Development: An Expert Review of Processes and Learning’, which seeks to identify which commonly accepted learning processes are aligned with ESD and which learning opportunities contribute to sustainable development. It identifies that certain key processes underpin ESD. These include:

• processes of collaboration and dialogue (including multi-stakeholder and intercultural dialogue)
• processes which engage the ‘whole system’
• processes which innovate curriculum as well as teaching and learning experiences
• processes of active and participatory learning.